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1. Introduction
2. Is
Rhythmic Movement Dance Modern or Ballet?
3. Research
| Teaching | Publications
4. USA National Standards in Dance, as
applicable in my texts
This is an educational site,
begun in 1965 when I began creating texts in a collection called Rhythmic Movement Dance Series.
Offered for children in the
format of ballet, modern dance and rhythmic movement, with some material for
adults and those challenged, collections include choreography, dance elements
and lesson plans, all with the aim of developing basic body-mind coordination.
One collection offers tips for adaptive teaching.
I have taken my dance and music
education into the classroom to teach children how to move to clapping and
percussion instruments, and to the rhythms, phrases and melodies of music and
song. Through the somatic process of moving their bodies enthusiastically,
dynamically and rhythmically in time through space in the classroom and
outdoors, the students have learned basic academic skills of patterns and
rhythms in language, reading, math, and the social skills of cooperation and
collaboration.
These publications in HTML may be
downloaded for personal use, but not commercially without permission.
The Florida Center for
Instructional Technology hosts the Rhythmic
Movement Dance Series links at http://etc.usf.edu/dance/
They were formerly hosted by the
Gateway to Educational Materials (GEM) of the U.S. Department of Education.
2. Is 'Rhythmic
Movement Dance' modern or ballet?
For the sake of categorization,
modern is the more appropriate label, though I learned the 16 basic rhythmic
movements in ballet classes with Carol Lynn, who had a Denishawn (Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn) influence. Carol
Lynn instituted the womens' dance education program
in the mid-1930s at Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival and University of Dance
founded by Ted Shawn, where she
served as Associate Director from 1943 to 1960.
I consider myself a disciple of Ted Shawn, a 1st generation modern
dancer and choreographer, with whom I studied the summers of 1963 and 1964 at
the Pillow. My own work over the intervening years developed from Shawn's
vision of dance in education.
The main body of my dance
training was with Carol Lynn
and Margaret Craske in classical ballet; Myra Kinch and Ted Shawn in modern ballet and
choreography; Ann Hutchinson in Labanotation; Carola Goya in classical Hindu dance; Mateo, Roberto Ximenez and Manolo Vargas in
classical Spanish dance; Nel Roos
in choreography. Since 1965 I have been teaching rhythmic movement dance and
ballet to people of all ages and degrees of mobility.
3. Research |
Teaching | Publications
In the fall of 1965 I was
referred by Carol Lynn of the Peabody Preparatory Dance Department of the
Peabody Conservatory of Music, Baltimore, Maryland, to teach as a dance
specialist in after school arts programs in Clarksville, Atholton,
and later, Cape St. Claire, Maryland, for children, teens, adults, and
challenged students. This part-time teaching of rhythmic movement, modern dance
and ballet continued in Maryland and then after 1975 in California, until 1986
in Buckingham, Virginia.
Additionally, 1971 through 1986,
I developed my notes on the practical application of rhythmic movement and
modern dance in teaching academics into lesson plans through the progress I saw
while volunteering my efforts weekly, with small groups, in my children's
elementary school classrooms in Cape St. Claire, Maryland, and Goleta,
California.
During the 1972-1973 school year I taught rhythmic movement and dance weekly at a
preschool in Annapolis, Maryland - doing the research for what I later
published as Rhythmic
Movement for Toddlers and Preschoolers.
It was during the years 1965 to
1986 that I choreographed the dances for the online collections Dances for Preschoolers,
and Rhythmic Dances for
Children and Adults. I also composed the music, choreographed, and wrote
the songs for Sing and Dance
While Learning Math.
For 6 weeks during the summer of 1979
I taught daily rhythmic movement sessions with small groups of learning and
severely handicapped students in Santa Barbara County, California. As our base
we sat in a circle and did the sequence of floor exercises I developed to
stretch and strengthen, and clapped rhythms. The students took turns moving
around the outside of the circle while the students sitting clapped sets of (1,
2, 3, 4) and substituted silent claps for each of the
numbers. These students, age 5 to 9, though academically challenged could,
nonetheless, clap the patterns rhythmically, somatically. This period of time
added to the material for the text Adaptive Rhythmic Movement for
Children to Seniors.
During the 1984-1985 academic year I voluntarily taught rhythmic movement every school day
for 45 minutes to a kindergarten class in Santa Barbara County, California,
carefully recording how the students' body-mind skills, confidence,
self-discipline, and attention span improved over the 9-month period. Included
in the daily class were, eventually, all the 16 basic rhythmic movements and
floor exercises from my text "Free to Move While Learning the 3Rs,"
copyright 1978, which has been expanded into the current online text Free to Move - Body-Mind Rhythmic
Movement. I developed the sequence of the 16 basic rhythmic movements by
noting from my research over the years in what order the students were most
easily able to perform the increasingly more complex rhythms, beginning with
walking in levels as the easiest, to the polka which is made up of 2 gallops
and a step through to 2 additional gallops and on, which is the most complex. I
choreographed the basics into simple dances using patterns and sets, adding and
subtracting. Many of the mini-lessons in 'Body-Mind Rhythmic Movement' were
developed in a year giving daily kinesthetic lessons to kindergartners - who all succeeded in learning to skip, and many
learned the more advanced polka movement. The students learned to move in sets,
then, adding and subtracting their sets, and they moved by stopping and
starting in the phrases of music just as the phrases in a sentence have shorter
and longer pauses. The students moved dynamically and changed directions by
watching my non-verbal hand signals - somatically teaching the students how to
concentrate on what was happening in the moment and to respond appropriately.
Spring, 1986, I taught a 6-week
session of fundamentals of ballet to children and physical education teachers
as a 'Dance Artist in Residence' under a grant from the National Endowment for
the Arts in Education, Project MARK - More Arts for Rural Kids, in Buckingham,
Virginia.
Fall, 1999, I published Clapping, Moving for Learning
16 Basic Rhythmic Movements as a text that child or adult could pick up and
use just from the illustrations. Making the language very concise and the many rhythmic
practice combinations easy to follow, I have had translations done and
published in Dutch, French, German and Spanish. For further
practice in ABA sequencing see my text Combinations of Basic
Rhythmic Movements with Clapping.
In 2002 I compiled and annotated
my notes on Cecchetti ballet. I published this text
online as Classical Ballet
Beginning to Advanced. Ballet may not generally be thought of as a way to
teach academics somatically, but I recorded a list of applications I discovered
while teaching, which I have included in the introductory notes of this
classical ballet text.
4. USA National Standards in Dance as
applicable in my texts:
ã 2002-2016 Susan Helene Kramer
Part of the
'Rhythmic Movement Dance Series'
http://www.susankramer.com/DanceSeries.html
Excerpts included
in the INTRODUCTION to this text are
from the
United
States Government Public Reference Document:
NATIONAL STANDARD IN DANCE
GRADES K-12 CONTENT AND ACHIEVEMENT
STANDARDS[1]
Source:
http://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/professional_resources/standards/natstandards/standards_print.html
Copyright Notice:
Susan
Kramer's work in this paper may be copied for personal or educational purposes
but not used for profit.
Disclaimer:
This paper
is not a governmental publication; the skills and lesson plans are solely the
work of the author.
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
NATIONAL STANDARD IN DANCE
Part I.
16 BASIC RHYTHMIC MOVEMENTS
Achievement
Standard:
[1.1.1]
[1.1.2] [1.1.3] [1.1.4] [1.1.5] [1.1.6]
Part II.
NONLOCOMOTOR/AXIAL MOVEMENTS
Achievement
Standard:
[1.1.1]
[1.1.4] [1.1.6] [1.1.7]
Part III.
PRACTICE COMBINATIONS
Achievement
Standard:
[1.1.3]
[1.1.4] [1.1.5] [1.1.6] [1.1.7] [1.1.8] [1.2.1] [1.2.5] [1.2.6]
Part IV.
DANCES
Achievement
Standard:
[1.1.1]
[1.1.2] [1.1.4] [1.1.5] [1.1.6] [1.1.7] [1.1.8] [1.2.5] [1.2.6] [1.4.2] [1.7.1]
Part V.
LESSON PLANS
INTRODUCTION
Important Note: For the purpose of targeting a specific 'Achievement', I have added a third number in the sequence of the
numbering system in the NATIONAL
STANDARD IN DANCE.
This example
shows the three number sequence in square brackets [ ] at the beginning of each item under Achievement Standard.
Example:
1. DANCE (K-4)
Content Standard #2: Understanding choreographic principles, processes, and
structures
Achievement Standard:
[1.2.1] Students create
a sequence with a beginning, middle, and end, both with and without a rhythmic
accompaniment; identify each of these parts of the sequence
[1.2.2] Students improvise, create, and
perform dances based on their own ideas and concepts from other sources
NATIONAL STANDARD IN DANCE
CONTENT AND ACHIEVEMENT STANDARDS[2]
1.
DANCE GRADES (K-4)
"Children in grades K-4 love to move and learn through
engagement of the whole self. They need to become literate in the language of dance
in order to use this natural facility as a means of communication and
self-expression, and as a way of responding to the expression of others.
Dancing and creating dances provide them with skills and knowledge necessary
for all future learning in dance and give them a way to celebrate their
humanity."
"Dance education begins with an awareness of the
movement of the body and its creative potential. At this level, students become
engaged in body awareness and movement exploration that promote a recognition
and appreciation of self and others. Students learn basic movement and
choreographic skills in musical/rhythmic contexts. The skills and knowledge
acquired allow them to begin working independently and with a partner in
creating and performing dances."
"Experiences in perceiving and responding to dance
expand students' vocabularies, enhance their listening and viewing skills, and
enable them to begin thinking critically about dance. They investigate
questions such as "What is it? How does it work? Why is it
important?" Practicing attentive audience behavior for their peers leads
to describing movement elements and identifying expressive movement choices.
Students learn to compare works in terms of the elements of space, time, and
force/energy and to experience the similarities and differences between dance
and other disciplines."
"Through dance education, students can also come to an
understanding of their own culture and begin to respect dance as a part of the
heritage of many cultures. As they learn and share dances from around the
globe, as well as from their own communities, children gain skills and
knowledge that will help them participate in a diverse society."
Content Standard #1:
Identifying and demonstrating movement elements and skills in performing dance
Achievement Standard:
[1.1.1] Students accurately demonstrate non-locomotor/axial
movements (such as bend, twist, stretch, swing)
[1.1.2] Students accurately demonstrate eight basic locomotor
movements (such as walk, run, hop, jump, leap, gallop, slide, and skip),
traveling forward, backward, sideward, diagonally, and turning
[1.1.3] Students create shapes at low, middle, and high
levels
[1.1.4] Students demonstrate the ability to define and
maintain personal space
[1.1.5] Students demonstrate movements in straight and curved
pathways
[1.1.6] Students demonstrate accuracy in moving to a musical
beat and responding to changes in tempo
[1.1.7] Students demonstrate
kinesthetic awareness, concentration, and focus in performing movement skills
[1.1.8] Students attentively observe and accurately describe
the action (such as skip, gallop) and movement elements (such as levels,
directions) in a brief movement study
Content Standard #2:
Understanding choreographic principles, processes, and structures
Achievement Standard:
[1.2.1] Students create a sequence
with a beginning, middle, and end, both with and without a rhythmic
accompaniment; identify each of these parts of the sequence
[1.2.2] Students improvise, create, and perform dances based
on their own ideas and concepts from other sources
[1.2.3] Students use improvisation to discover and invent
movement and to solve movement problems
[1.2.4] Students create a dance
phrase, accurately repeat it, and then vary it (making changes in the time,
space, and/or force/energy)
[1.2.5] Students demonstrate the ability to work effectively
alone and with a partner
[1.2.6] Students demonstrate the following partner skills:
copying, leading and following, mirroring
Content Standard #3:
Understanding dance as a way to create and communicate meaning
Achievement Standard:
[1.3.1] Students observe and discuss how dance is different
from other forms of human movement (such as sports, everyday gestures)
[1.3.2] Students take an active role in a class discussion
about interpretations of and reactions to a dance
[1.3.3] Students present their own
dances to peers and discuss their meanings with competence and confidence
Content Standard #4:
Applying and demonstrating critical and creative thinking skills in dance
Achievement Standard:
[1.4.1] Students explore, discover, and realize multiple
solutions to a given movement problem; choose their favorite solution and
discuss the reasons for that choice
[1.4.2] Students observe two dances and discuss how they are
similar and different in terms of one of the elements of dance by observing
body shapes, levels, pathways
Content Standard #5: Demonstrating
and understanding dance in various cultures and historical periods
Achievement Standard:
[1.5.1] Students perform folk dances from various cultures
with competence and confidence
[1.5.2] Students learn and
effectively share a dance from a resource in their own community; describe the
cultural and/or historical context
[1.5.3] Students accurately answer
questions about dance in a particular culture and time period (for example: In
colonial America, why and in what settings did people dance? What did the
dances look like?)
Content Standard #6:
Making connections between dance and healthful living
Achievement Standard:
[1.6.1] Students identify at least three personal goals to
improve themselves as dancers
[1.6.2] Students explain how healthy practices (such as
nutrition, safety) enhance their ability to dance, citing multiple examples
Content Standard #7:
Making connections between dance and other disciplines
Achievement Standard:
[1.7.1] Students create a dance project that reveals
understanding of a concept or idea from another discipline (such as pattern in
dance and science)
[1.7.2] Students respond to a dance using another art form;
explain the connections between the dance and their response to it (such as
stating how their paintings reflect the dance they saw)
*********************************************************************
NATIONAL STANDARD IN DANCE
CONTENT AND ACHIEVEMENT STANDARDS[3]
2. DANCE (GRADES 5-8)
"Through
creating, performing, and responding to dance, middle school students can
continue to develop skills and knowledge that enhance the important development
of self-image and social relationships. Cooperation and collaboration are
emphasized at this age, fostering positive interactions.
Dance
education can offer a positive, healthy alternative to the many destructive
choices available to adolescents. Students are encouraged to take more
responsibility for the care, conditioning, and health of their bodies (both
within and outside the dance class), thus learning that self-discipline is a
prerequisite for achievement in dance.
Students in
grades 5-8 develop a sense of themselves in relation to others and in relation
to the world. As a result, they are ready to respond more thoughtfully to
dance, to perceive details of style and choreographic structure, and to reflect
upon what is
communicated. The study of dance provides a
unique and valuable insight into the culture or period from which it has
come. Informed by social and cultural
experiences, movement concepts, and dance-making processes, students integrate
dance with other art forms."
Content Standard #1: Identifying and
demonstrating movement elements and skills in performing dance
Achievement Standard:
[2.1.1]
Students demonstrate the following movement skills and
explain the underlying principles: alignment, balance, initiation of movement,
articulation of isolated body parts, weight shift, elevation and landing, fall
and recovery
[2.1.2] Students
accurately identify and demonstrate basic dance steps,
positions, and patterns for dance from two different styles or traditions
(e.g., ballet, square, Ghanasian, Middle Eastern,
modern)
[2.1.3]
Students accurately transfer a spatial pattern from the visual to the
kinesthetic
[2.1.4]
Students accurately transfer a rhythmic pattern from the aural to the
kinesthetic
[2.1.5]
Students identify and clearly demonstrate a range of
dynamics / movement qualities
[2.1.6] Students
demonstrate increasing kinesthetic awareness,
concentration, and focus in performing movement skills
[2.1.7]
Students demonstrate accurate memorization and reproduction of movement
sequences
[2.1.8]
Students describe the action and movement elements observed in a dance, using
appropriate movement/dance vocabulary
Content Standard #2: Understanding
choreographic principles, processes, and structures
Achievement Standard:
[2.2.1]
Students clearly demonstrate the principles of contrast and transition
[2.2.2]
Students effectively demonstrate the processes of
reordering and chance
[2.2.3]
Students successfully demonstrate the structures or forms of AB, ABA, canon,
call and response, and narrative
[2.2.4]
Students demonstrate the ability to work cooperatively in a small group during
the choreographic process
[2.2.5]
Students demonstrate the following partner skills in a visually interesting
way: creating contrasting and complementary shapes, taking and supporting
weight
Content Standard #3: Understanding
dance as a way to create and communicate meaning
Achievement Standard:
[2.3.1]
Students effectively demonstrate the difference between pantomiming and
abstracting a gesture
[2.3.2]
Students observe and explain how different accompaniment (such as sound, music,
spoken text) can affect the meaning of a dance
[2.3.3]
Students demonstrate and/or explain how lighting and costuming can contribute
to the meaning of a dance
[2.3.4]
Students create a dance that successfully communicates a topic of personal
significance
Content Standard #4: Applying and
demonstrating critical and creative thinking skills in dance
Achievement Standard:
[2.4.1]
Students create a movement problem and demonstrate
multiple solutions; choose the most interesting solutions and discuss the
reasons for their choice
[2.4.2]
Students demonstrate appropriate audience behavior in
watching dance performances; discuss their opinions about the dances with their
peers in a supportive and constructive way
[2.4.3]
Students compare and contrast two dance compositions in terms of space (such as
shape and pathways), time (such as rhythm and tempo), and force/energy
(movement qualities)
[2.4.4]
Students identify possible aesthetic criteria for evaluating dance (such as
skill of performers, originality, visual and/or emotional impact, variety and
contrast)
Content Standard #5: Demonstrating
and understanding dance in various cultures and historical periods
Achievement Standard:
[2.5.1]
Students competently perform folk and/or classical
dances from various cultures; describe similarities and differences in steps
and movement styles
[2.5.2]
Students competently perform folk, social, and/or theatrical dances from a
broad spectrum of twentieth-century America
[2.5.3]
Students learn from resources in their own community (such as people, books,
videos) a folk dance of a different culture or a social dance of a different
time period and the cultural/historical context of that dance, effectively
sharing the dance and its context with their peers
[2.5.4]
Students accurately describe the role of dance in at
least two different cultures or time periods
Content Standard #6: Making
connections between dance and healthful living
Achievement Standard:
[2.6.1]
Students identify at least three personal goals to improve themselves as
dancers and steps they are taking to reach those goals
[2.6.2]
Students explain strategies to prevent dance injuries
[2.6.3]
Students create their own warmup and discuss how that warmup prepares the body
and mind for expressive purposes
Content Standard #7: Making
connections between dance and other disciplines
Achievement Standard:
[2.7.1]
Students create a project that reveals similarities and differences between the
arts
[2.7.2]
Students cite examples of concepts used in dance and another discipline outside
the arts (such as balance, shape, and pattern)
[2.7.3]
Students observe the same dance both live and recorded on video; compare and
contrast the aesthetic impact of the two observations
******************************************************
NATIONAL STANDARD IN DANCE
CONTENT AND ACHIEVEMENT STANDARDS[4]
3. DANCE (GRADES 9-12)
"High
students need to continue to dance and create dances in order to develop more
highly their ability to communicate in a way that is different from the written
or spoken word, or even from other visual or auditory symbol systems. They also
need to respect their bodies and to understand that dance is the product of
intentional and intelligent physical actions. Continued development of movement
skills and creative and critical thinking skills in dance is important regardless
of whether students intend a dance career."
"Technical
expertise and artistic expression are enhanced through reflective practice,
study, and evaluation of their own work and that of others. Because dance
involves abstract images, students can develop higher order thinking skills
through perceiving,
analyzing, and making discriminating judgments
about dance. Education in dance, which has been an integral part of human
history, is also important if students are to gain a broad cultural and
historical perspective. Students examine the role and meaning of dance in
diverse social, cultural, and historical contexts through a variety of dance
forms. Experience with dance of many cultures helps students to understand the
cultural lives of others."
Content Standard #1: Identifying and
demonstrating movement elements and skills in performing dance
Achievement Standard, Proficient:
[3.1.1]
Students demonstrate appropriate skeletal alignment, body-part articulation,
strength, flexibility, agility, and coordination in locomotor and
non-locomotor/axial movements
[3.1.2]
Students identify and demonstrate longer and more complex steps and patterns
from two different dance styles/traditions
[3.1.3]
Students demonstrate rhythmic acuity
[3.1.4]
Students create and perform combinations and
variations in a broad dynamic range
[3.1.5]
Students demonstrate projection while performing dance skills
[3.1.6]
Students demonstrate the ability to remember extended movement sequences
Achievement Standard,
Advanced:
[3.1.7]
Students demonstrate a high level of consistency and reliability in performing
technical skills
[3.1.8]
Students perform technical skills with artistic expression, demonstrating
clarity, musicality, and stylistic nuance
[3.1.9]
Students refine technique through self-evaluation and correction
Content Standard #2: Understanding
choreographic principles, processes, and structures
Achievement Standard, Proficient:
[3.2.1]
Students use improvisation to generate movement for choreography
[3.2.2]
Students demonstrate understanding of structures or forms (such as palindrome,
theme and variation, rondo, round, contemporary forms selected by the student)
through brief dance studies
[3.2.3]
Students choreograph a duet demonstrating an understanding of choreographic
principles, processes, and structures
Achievement Standard,
Advanced:
[3.2.4]
Students demonstrate further development and refinement of the proficient
skills to create a small group dance with coherence and aesthetic unity
[3.2.5]
Students accurately describe how a choreographer manipulated and developed the
basic movement content in a dance
Content Standard #3: Understanding
dance as a way to create and communicate meaning
Achievement Standard, Proficient:
[3.3.1]
Students formulate and answer questions about how movement choices communicate
abstract ideas in dance
[3.3.2]
Students demonstrate understanding of how personal experience influences the
interpretation of a dance
[3.3.3]
Students create a dance that effectively communicates a contemporary social
theme
Achievement Standard,
Advanced:
[3.3.4]
Students examine ways that a dance creates and conveys meaning by considering
the dance from a variety of perspectives
[3.3.5]
Students compare and contrast how meaning is communicated in two of their own
choreographic works
Content Standard #4: Applying and
demonstrating critical and creative thinking skills in dance
Achievement Standard, Proficient:
[3.4.1]
Students create a dance and revise it over time, articulating the reasons for
their artistic decisions and what was lost and gained by those decisions
[3.4.2]
Students establish a set of aesthetic criteria and
apply it in evaluating their own work and that of others
[3.4.3]
Students formulate and answer their own aesthetic questions (such as, What is it that makes a particular dance that dance?
[3.4.4] How much can one change that dance before it becomes a
different dance?)
Achievement Standard,
Advanced:
[3.4.5]
Students discuss how skills developed in dance are applicable to a variety of
careers
[3.4.6]
Students analyze the style of a choreographer or cultural form; then create a
dance in that style (choreographers that could be analyzed include George
Balanchine, Alvin Ailey, Laura Dean; cultural forms include bharata
natyam, classical ballet)
[3.4.7]
Students analyze issues of ethnicity, gender, social/economic class, age and/or
physical condition in relation to dance
Content Standard #5: Demonstrating
and understanding dance in various cultures and historical periods
Achievement Standard, Proficient:
[3.5.1]
Students perform and describe similarities and differences
between two contemporary theatrical forms of dance
[3.5.2]
Students perform or discuss the traditions and
technique of a classical dance form (e.g., Balinese, ballet)
[3.5.3]
Students create and answer twenty-five questions about
dance and dancers prior to the twentieth century
[3.5.4]
Students analyze how dance and dancers are portrayed in contemporary media
Achievement Standard,
Advanced:
[3.5.5]
Students create a time line illustrating important dance events in the twentieth
century, placing them in their social/historical/cultural/political contexts
[3.5.6]
Students compare and contrast the role and
significance of dance in two different social/historical/ cultural/political
contexts
Content Standard #6: Making connections
between dance and healthful living
Achievement Standard, Proficient:
[3.6.1]
Students reflect upon their own progress and personal growth during their study
of dance
[3.6.2]
Students effectively communicate how lifestyle choices affect the dancer
[3.6.3]
Students analyze historical and cultural images of the
body in dance and compare these to images of the body in contemporary media
Achievement Standard,
Advanced:
[3.6.4]
Students discuss challenges facing professional performers in maintaining
healthy lifestyles
Content Standard #7: Making
connections between dance and other disciplines
Achievement Standard, Proficient:
[3.7.1]
Students create an interdisciplinary project based on a theme identified by the
student, including dance and two other disciplines
[3.7.2]
Students clearly identify commonalities and differences between dance and other
disciplines with regard to fundamental concepts such as materials, elements,
and ways of communicating meaning
[3.7.3]
Students demonstrate/discuss how technology can be used to reinforce, enhance,
or alter the dance idea in an interdisciplinary project
Achievement Standard,
Advanced:
[3.7.4] Students
compare one choreographic work to one other artwork from the same culture and
time period in terms of how those works reflect the
artistic/cultural/historical context
[3.7.5]
Students create an interdisciplinary project using media technologies (such as
video, computer) that presents dance in a new or enhanced form (such as video
dance, video/computer-aided live performance, or animation)
********************************************************************
Part II.
16 Basic Rhythmic Movements
Achievement Standard:
[1.1.1] [1.1.2] [1.1.3] [1.1.4]
[1.1.5] [1.1.6]
Names:
1) Walking
2) Running
3) Marching
4) Galloping
5) Sliding
6) Hopping
7) Jumping
8) Leaping
9) Pedaling
10) Prancing
11) Toe
Pointing
12) Skipping
13) Waltzing
14) Minuet
15)
Schottische
16) Polka
How to Clap with the Basic Rhythmic
Movements:
tum = a beat that is accented
ta = half the time of a whole beat
& = a
brief pause or transition in action
Example:
walk:
tum, tum, tum, tum
gallop:
a tum, ta tum, ta tum, ta tum
walk, walk, walk, walk & gallop,
gallop, gallop, gallop
tum, tum, tum, tum & ta tum, ta tum,
ta tum, ta tum
Descriptions of Basic Rhythmic
Movements and Clapping Pattern:
1) Walking
Continuous
steps alternating feet.
Arms are in
opposition to legs:
If the right
foot is forward,
swing the left arm forward.
Clap:
tum, tum, tum, tum
2) Running
Even
quick steps.
Arms are in
opposition to legs:
If the right
foot is forward,
swing the left arm forward.
Clap:
ta, ta, ta, ta, ta, ta, ta, ta
3) Marching
Brisk even
steps.
Supporting
leg remains straight.
Working knee
bends with thigh raised parallel to floor.
Arms swing
in opposition, one forward, one back,
(arm of the front leg swings back).
Clap:
tum, tum, tum, tum
4) Galloping
Rhythmic
loping movements
leading with the same foot forward
throughout.
Front foot
steps forward
and back foot pulls up to front foot
with a shuffle.
Arms
in opposition, (as described in marching).
Clap:
ta tum, ta tum,
ta tum, ta tum
5) Sliding
Many
variations of basic step
of keeping knees slightly bent
while feet slide along the floor.
One foot
leads, the other slides to meet it,
and then the opposite foot leads.
Hands on
waist; arms outstretched to sides.
Clap:
tum, tum, tum, tum
6) Hopping
Always
done on one foot with a pause in between.
For balance;
hands on waist or arms outstretched to sides.
Clap:
ta, ta, ta, ta, ta, ta, ta, ta
7) Jumping
Both feet
leave floor and land at the same time.
Bend knees
and press feet into floor to begin and land.
Arms
outstretched to sides for balance.
Clap:
tum, tum, tum, tum
8) Leaping
Large
springs from one foot to the next, to the next, etc.
Bend knees
and press feet into floor to begin and land.
Arms are in
opposition to legs:
If the right
foot is forward,
swing the left arm forward.
Clap:
tum,
tum, tum, tum
9) Pedaling
Standing
with feet parallel,one foot
pushes forward
onto ball of foot, (half toe), stretching
instep, then lowers
while other foot simultaneously pushes up
to ball of foot.
Feet remain
parallel, almost touching, along inside edges.
Hands on
waist or arms outstretched to sides for balance.
Slow
tempo, then quicker.
Clap:
tum, tum, tum, tum
10) Prancing
As in
Pedaling—but active foot raises
off floor slightly, toe pointed.
Once step
sequence is mastered bounce like a horse prancing.
Hands on
waist or arms outstretched for balance.
Clap:
tum, tum, tum, tum
11) Toe
Pointing
Standing in
place, one foot points forward,
then steps back to standing leg.
Alternate
foot then points.
Arms
outstretched to sides.
Clap:
tum, tum, tum, tum
12) Skipping
Series of
step-hops changing lead foot after hop.
One knee is
raised.
Arms swing from
shoulders, one forward, one back,
in opposition to knee that is raised in
front.
Clap:
tum ta, tum ta,
tum ta, tum ta
13) Waltzing
Set of 3
walking steps alternating feet.
One
count per step.
Count one is
emphasized by
bending that knee slightly as it steps.
Arms
outstretched to side for balance.
Clap:
tum ta ta, tum
ta ta,
tum ta ta, tum
ta ta
14) Minuet
Pattern of 3
steps with the 4th count a toe point.
Begin each
set with the foot of the toe that points.
Arms
outstretched to side.
Clap:
tum, tum, tum, tum,
& tum,
tum, tum, tum
15)
Schottische
Series of 3
walking steps
with the 4th count being a hop
on the same foot
that took step number three.
Place hands
on waist for balance.
Clap:
tum, tum, tum, tum,
& tum,
tum, tum, tum
16) Polka
Two gallops
in sequence,
with the lead foot being changed at the
beginning
of the following set of two gallops.
Arms swing
in opposition to raised knee.
Clap:
tum ta tum, & tum ta tum,
& tum ta
tum, & tum ta tum
********************************************************
Part III.
NONLOCOMOTOR/AXIAL MOVEMENTS
Achievement Standard:
[1.1.1] [1.1.4] [1.1.6] [1.1.7]
Sitting
and lying on the floor and then standing 14) Swinging. Begin exercises in 4/4 time with
changes in rhythm, faster or slower in progressive movements. These exercises
are arranged in progressive order, one flowing into the next in sequence.
1) The Leaf
Sitting on
floor, back straight, knees bent, bottom of feet together close to body,
holding ankles with hands, gently round back and let head fall towards lap,
letting the natural weight of body and gravity stretch the spine. Gently return
to upright position; back stretched up straight like pulling up a 'zipper'.
2) The Flower
Sitting as
in The Leaf, still holding ankles with bottom of feet together, straighten
vertebrae one at a time beginning at lower end of spine. While
holding the 'zip' allow knees to fall towards floor. Bounce knees gently
toward floor.
3) The Cricket
Holding body
position as in The Flower, allow chin to rest forward to chest; then gently
lift head till once again in the neutral position of looking straight forward.
Slowly look upward and again return head to neutral. Now, allow one ear to lean
towards its shoulder returning to neutral; and repeat with the opposite ear,
returning to the neutral looking forward position. Now, chin to chest. Curl
spine, one vertebra at a time from top of head down to base of spine, moving
slowly. To unfold, reverse the process beginning with the base of spine
straightening upward.
4) The Bird
Body
position as in The Flower. Clasp hands behind lower back and pull shoulder blades
together slowly, look up; hold momentarily and release, look down.
5) The
Squirrel
Sitting
cross-legged, back still zipped: Raise both arms overhead and stretch one at a
time slowly towards the ceiling. With
back still zipped, stretch arms to side, making forward and backward arm
circles, large and small. Alternately stretch arms to ceiling,
then to one side and the other
6) The
Chipmunk
Sitting as
in The Squirrel: Gently twist upper torso above waist from side to side. Arms
are extended to sides, head following direction of the back arm, then repeat
with arms extended overhead. Twists mostly above waist, shoulders remain
relaxed.
7) The
Rocker
Sitting
as in The Squirrel: Keeping movement above waist, bend body sideways one way,
then the other.
Front of body remains looking forward. Rock gently side to side, but not so far
as to fall over.
8) The Seal
Sitting with
legs straddled; stretched but not tightened; back zipped to begin: Rotate body
to face one leg, reach down to hold onto leg with both hands and gently lean
towards the leg, letting the weight of gravity help with the stretch. Repeat towards the other leg.
Sitting up
facing forward: Hold onto both legs,
round back and gently lean forward looking towards the floor. Place palms of
hands on floor in front of body for support: Point and flex feet and ankles in
unison, then try to point one foot while flexing the other foot. Repeat
rhythmically.
Legs still
straddled, back zipped, legs stretched but not tightened, toes pointed: Press
palms of hands together prayer fashion, applying medium tension. Lower arms
should be parallel with the floor. Release tension, press again, release
tension and extend hands and arms upward and outward in large circles, tips of
fingers leading.
9) Back
Exercise
Lie on back,
legs touching, knees flexed, bottom of feet on floor, arms alongside of body on
floor. Lower spine below waist presses to floor, upper back is relaxed. Breathe
evenly in and out in lung area. Contract abdominal muscles, hold 10 seconds,
relax and repeat.
(This back
exercise strengthens the muscles along the lower spine and abdomen.)
10) The
Turtle
Lie on back,
legs touching, knees flexed up towards the chest, arms resting on floor above
head. Keeping lower back pressed to floor throughout extend legs towards sky
while pointing toes, knees stretched. Lower legs as far as possible without
releasing back from floor. Raise legs, flex in and repeat.
11) Cat
Stretch
On hands and
knees: Allow back to slope towards floor. Then arch back, allowing stomach and
abdomen to sag; looking forward and slightly up. Change position by rounding
spine, contracting abdominal and stomach muscles and looking down to
front of thighs. (This exercise gives
flexibility to the spine countered with strengthening of the muscles alongside
the lower spine through the tightening of the abdominal and stomach muscles.)
12) Starfish
Lying on
back, limbs stretched and separated from each other: Keeping arms and legs
stretched; one arm at a time is lifted towards ceiling and then lowered; later
opposite arm and leg are raised at the same time. Develops
capacity to isolate movement and exercises shoulder and hip joints.
13) The Owl
Sitting
cross-legged, hands at sides, palms on floor: Turn head to look to one side
over shoulder, then look over the other shoulder. Now
focus forward and spin body around once in a complete movement, using hands to
push off, coming back to the original position. This exercise prepares for
single turns while standing. Also, 'head turning' position is established as
opposed to head leaning.
14) Swinging
An axial
movement for energizing and for the transition from sitting to standing:
Standing with legs apart to maintain balance. Hold arms stretched upward, taut,
and still for 3 seconds, and then stretch arms out to the side, held taut for 3
seconds. The body feels more energized after this stretch.
Then with a
more relaxed body bend torso and knees and sway rhythmically in succession,
with arms over head up and down, side to side. Then swing arms down in front
and keeping feet on floor twist body to one side and look to that side while
swinging arms up overhead. Repeat to opposite side.
Then, swing
one leg at a time back and forth while balancing on other leg.
General
benefits include improved circulation, limbering large body muscles, increased
flexibility of arm and hip joints.
********************************************************
C. PRACTICE COMBINATIONS
Achievement Standard:
[1.1.3] [1.1.4] [1.1.5] [1.1.6]
[1.1.7] [1.1.8] [1.2.1] [1.2.5] [1.2.6]
While learning
the steps, it is fun to practice them in sets
—moving in
circles, lines, forward, back, sideward, diagonally; high, middle, low level;
turning in place; moving singly and with partner; making changes in time,
space, and/or force/energy; moving in improvised patterns; leading, following,
mirroring.
1)
walk, walk, walk, walk,
& slide,
slide, slide, slide,
& walk,
walk, walk, walk,
& slide,
slide, slide, slide, &...
Clap:
tum, tum, tum, tum,
& tum,
tum, tum, tum,
& tum,
tum, tum, tum,
& tum,
tum, tum, tum, &...
2)
jump, jump, jump, jump,
& walk,
walk, walk, walk,
& jump,
jump, jump, jump,
& walk,
walk, walk, walk, &...
Clap:
tum, tum, tum, tum,
& tum,
tum, tum, tum,
& tum,
tum, tum, tum,
& tum,
tum, tum, tum, &...
3)
walk, walk, walk, walk,
& skip,
skip, skip, skip,
& walk,
walk, walk, walk,
& skip,
skip, skip, skip, &...
Clap:
tum, tum, tum, tum,
& tum
ta, tum ta, tum ta, tum ta,
& tum,
tum, tum, tum,
& tumta, tum ta, tum ta, tum ta, &...
4)
march, march, march, march,
&
gallop, gallop, gallop, gallop,
& march, march, march, march,
&
gallop, gallop, gallop, gallop, &...
Clap:
tum, tum, tum, tum,
& ta
tum, ta tum, ta tum, ta tum,
& tum,
tum, tum, tum,
& ta
tum, ta tum, ta tum, ta tum, &...
5)
waltz, waltz, waltz, waltz,
& slide,
slide, slide, slide, &...
Clap:
tum ta ta, tum
ta ta, tum ta ta, tum ta ta,
&
tum, tum, tum,
tum, &...
6)
polka, & polka,
& skip,
skip, skip, skip,
& polka,
& polka,
& skip,
skip, skip, skip, &...
Clap:
tum ta tum, & tum ta tum,
& tum
ta, tum ta, tum ta, tum ta,
& tum ta
tum, & tum ta tum,
& tum
ta, tum ta, tum ta, tum ta, &...
7)
schottische, & schottische,
& polka,
& polka, &...
Clap:
tum, tum, tum, tum, & tum, tum, tum,
tum,
& tum ta
tum, & tum ta tum, &...
8)
minuet, & minuet,
minuet, & minuet,
& waltz,
waltz,
waltz, waltz, &...
Clap:
tum, tum, tum, tum, & tum, tum, tum,
tum,
& tum,
tum, tum, tum, & tum, tum, tum, tum,
& tum ta
ta, tum ta ta,
tum ta ta, tum
ta ta, &...
9)
waltz, waltz, waltz, waltz,
Clap:
tum ta ta, tum
ta ta, tum ta ta, tum ta ta,
& polka,
& polka,
Clap:
& tum ta
tum, & tum ta tum,
& waltz,
waltz, waltz, waltz,
Clap:
& tum ta
ta, tum ta ta, tum ta ta, tum ta ta,
& skip,
skip, skip, skip,
Clap:
& tum
ta, tum ta, tum ta, tum ta,
& waltz,
waltz, waltz, waltz,
Clap:
& tum ta
ta, tum ta ta, tum ta ta, tum ta ta,
& slide,
slide, slide, slide,
Clap:
&
tum, tum, tum,
tum,
& waltz,
waltz, waltz, waltz,
Clap:
& tum ta
ta, tum ta ta, tum ta ta, tum ta ta,
&
polka, &
polka &...
Clap:
& tum ta
tum, & tum ta tum, &...
***************************************************
C. DANCES
Achievement Standard:
[1.1.1] [1.1.2] [1.1.4] [1.1.5]
[1.1.6] [1.1.7] [1.1.8] [1.2.5] [1.2.6] [1.4.2] [1.7.1]
1) Marching and Galloping Dance
This dance
has 4 sets of 16 counts.
Pattern
changes every 16 counts; one count per march; one
count per gallop.
Dancers who
are taking a turn on the sideline as accompanists clap hands or a rhythm instrument
once for each march or gallop. At the end of each set
of 16 counts there is a slight pause in clapping to allow dancers to change
direction or step.
During
marching arms swing in opposition to raised knee -- that is when right knee is
raised, left arm swings forward.
During
galloping the opposite arm and leg remain forward -- that is when right foot is
leading the left arm is forward and the right arm is slightly back; behind.
Preparation:
The front of room is determined. Facing front of room; called facing forward,
dancers stretch arms to side, hands joined, to form a straight line. Then drop
hands and remember this spot as their "place" for this dance.
1st set of 16 counts: Part A
1. Dancers
do 4 marches forward; then 4 marches backward (while facing forward) to
"place" with arms swinging in opposition -- that is as right knee
lifts up, left arm swings forward.
2. Repeat
the sequence of number 1.
2nd set of 16 counts: Part B
3. Dancers
take 4 gallops forward with right foot in front.
4. Dancers
turn toward their own right shoulder to face the back of room and with right
foot still in front take 4 gallops back to "place."
5. Turning
to face forward and changing to left foot in front, dancers take 4 gallops
forward to front of room.
6. Dancers
turn toward their own left shoulder, keeping left foot in front and take 4
gallops back to "place."
3rd set of 16 counts: Part C
7. Back to
marching: Dancers take hands in the straight line facing forward and the two
dancers on the ends of the line with 16 marching steps bend the line by moving
toward the front and center of the room into an open circle shape. All are now
facing the center of the circle with hands still joined.
4th set of 16 counts: Part D
8. Back to
galloping: Dancers drop hands, turn toward their right shoulder 1/4 turn to
face the back of the dancer next to them.
9. Then
gallop 8 times in the circle shape, counter-clockwise direction.
10. For the final
8 gallops, a designated leader set ahead of time lets go of his right hand with
his neighbor's left hand and leads the dancers in a line out of the room or to
a corner.
********************************************
2) Skipping Dance
This dance
has 4 sets of 16 counts.
Pattern
changes every 16 counts; one count per skip; one count per slide.
Dancers who
are taking a turn on the sideline as accompanists clap hands or a rhythm
instrument once for each skip or slide. At the end of each set of 16 counts
there is a slight pause in clapping to allow dancers to change direction or
step.
During
skipping when not holding hands, arms swing in opposition; that means when
right leg is forward, left arm is forward.
Preparation:
Dancers stand together in center of room, take hands and walk backward till
arms are stretched forming a circle.
1st set of 16 counts: Part A
1. Holding
hands, take 4 skips in to center of circle; arms remain low.
2. Still
holding hands take 4 skips backward to beginning place.
3. Repeat 1.
and 2.
2nd set of 16 counts: Part B
4. Everyone
quickly drop hands and make a quarter turn clockwise, to right, so now dancer
is facing the back of the dancer who was alongside.
5. Take 8 skips
moving in a forward counter-clockwise direction keeping the circle shape; arms
swing in opposition.
6. Turn to
face opposite direction and take 8 skips in a forward clockwise direction
keeping open circle shape; arms swing in opposition.
3rd set of 16 counts: Part C
7. Turn to
face center of circle again; back at starting position.
8. Take
hands with dancer on either side.
9. Holding hands, all slide to right for 8 slides in a
counter-clockwise direction, keeping open circle shape; pause.
10. Still
holding hands, change direction of circle by sliding 8 times toward left in
clockwise direction, keeping circle shape open; pause.
4th set of 16 counts: Part D
11. Still
holding hands take 4 skips in to center of circle, arms starting down at side, then arms moving forward and up to overhead by the end of
the 4th skip.
12. Still
holding hands take 4 skips backward to again form the open circle shape; arms
coming down to sides again by the 4th skip.
13. To end
dance, a dancer designated ahead of time breaks right hand with adjoining
dancer's left hand while remaining dancers hold hands and leads the dancers in
a line out of the room or to one corner with 8 skips.
3) Waltz and Polka Dance
This dance
has 4 sets of 16 counts.
Dancers who
are taking a turn on the sideline as accompanists clap hands or a rhythm
instrument once for each polka or waltz. At the end of each set of 16 counts
there is a slight pause in clapping to allow dancers to change direction.
During polka
steps, when not holding hands, arms are in opposition; that means when right
leg is forward, left arm is forward.
During waltz
steps arms are held to side for balance.
Preparation:
A front of room is determined. Dancers enter from right back corner of room. An
example to determine which is the right back corner:
if a dancer stands in the center of the room and faces the front, the audience,
the corner behind the right shoulder is the back right corner. The corner in
front of the right shoulder is the front right corner. (Both corners just
described are called 'back stage right' or 'front stage right'.)
1st set of 16 counts: Part A
1. With 16
polka steps, dancers enter the room from 'back stage right' moving toward
'front stage right', across the front toward 'front stage left' and moving
toward 'back stage left', moving toward their entry point and stopping to form
a circle; dancers turning to face center of circle.
2nd set of 16 counts: Part B
2. Dancers
make a 1/4 turn toward their left shoulder to face back of dancer next to them.
Then do 16 waltz steps clockwise, leading with the left foot forward, which
will be moving in the opposite direction from the way they just entered the
room, (returning them to their beginning place at beginning of the 16 waltz
steps).
3rd set of 16 counts: Part C
2. Turning
to face the center of circle, do 4 polka sets in to center of circle.
3. Turn to
face outward and do 4 polka sets back to place, keeping circle open.
4. Turning
to face center of circle, again, repeat numbers 2. and
3.
4th set of 16 counts: Part D
5. Waltz
steps again: make 1/4 turn toward right shoulder and with a designated leader
waltz 16 times counter-clockwise in the circle shape, exiting at back stage
right; the entry point.
webmaster | page
updated November 2009; March 28, 2011; February 16, 2014; August 14, 2016
added National Standards in Dance section |
[1] The National Standard for Arts Education, URL: http://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/professional_resources/standards/natstandards/standards_print.html
[2] Ibid
[3] Ibid
[4] Ibid